Science Factsheet –3


1. The branch of science which deals with the composition of matter and also the physical and chemical characteristics associated with the different material objects is called Chemistry.

 

2. The law of constant proportions was enunciated by Proust (also known as Proust`s law of constant proportions); states that the chemical compounds are made up of elements that are present in a fixed ratio by mass. That means, any pure sample of a compound, no matter the source, will always consist of the same elements that are present in the same ratio by mass.

 

3. “Father of Modern Chemistry” –Antoione Lavoisier.

 

4. Matter is defined as anything in this Universe which fulfil broadly following three requirements –

(a). Occupies space,

(b). Possesses mass, and

(c). can be felt by any one or more of our sense.

 

5. Ancient Indian Philosophers classified matters into five categories, called five basic elements of life. These are as follows:

(a). Air.

(b). Earth.

(c). Fire.

(d). Sky.

(e). Water.

According to them, everything living or non-living was made-up of these five basic elements.

 

6. Plasma state of matter is super excited particles containing state. These particles are in the form of ionised gases. Plasma can occur when matter is heated to a very high temperature.

 

7. CFL tubes, Fluorescent tubes, Neon sign bulbs are some of the best examples of plasma state of matter. They contain inert gases and when we switch on them, the current passings through them produce glowing plasma (having a characteristic colour depending upon the nature of gas.

 

8. All matters are solid in character except Mercury which is liquid at room temperature.

 

9. The compounds obtained from living sources are called organic compounds. For example –Carbohydrates, Proteins, oils, etc.

 

10. The compounds obtained from non-living sources are called inorganic compounds. For example –Salt, Marble, Washing soda, etc.

 

11. The atomic mass of a compound may be expressed in unified atomic mass units by International Agreement; one atomic mass unit is defined as 1/12th of the mass of a single carbon 12 atom (at rest).

 

12. The oath taken by medical graduates is given by –Hippocrates (also known as Hippocratic Oath).

 

13. Silviculture is the practice of controlling the growth, composition and quality of forests to meet values and needs, specifically timber production. It is a branch of Botany.

 

 

 

Books for References

1. Encyclopaedia of General Science for General Competitions

2. Lucent General Science Latest Edition

3. 5000+ General Science Chapter-wise MCQs with Detailed Explanations for Competitive Exams

4. Knowledge Encyclopaedia - Science

 

Also see:

1. 10 Minutes Focus Theory for Controlling Mind

2. Why we cannot hear sound in Space?

3. How does a Compass work? 

4. UGC NET JRF Latest Syllabus 

5. UPSC Content

 

 

 

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